常用语法精选篇.docVIP

大学英语四级考试常用语法精选篇 时 态 1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I‘ve been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I‘d been working for some time when he called. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch. 省 略 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉. Look out for cars when crossing the street. 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary. 一 致 如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式. Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday. 代词作主语时的一致 each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待. some, few, both, many 等作复数 some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一. none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数: None of the books are easy enough for us None of this worries me. all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数. 由and 或 both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致. Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed. My sister or my brother is likely to be at home. Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work. Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致. There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数. Cattle are grazing on the pasture. The police are looking for him. 表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的): 书名, 国家名用单数:学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:one of those 后用单