课件-布里尼式喷发2课件-布里尼式喷发2.pdf

Plinian Eruptions III: The Plinian Eruptions III: The Umbrella Region, Column Umbrella Region, Column Collapse, and Pyroclastic Collapse, and Pyroclastic Flows Flows EAS 458 Volcanology EAS 458 Volcanology Sept 24, 2004 Sept 24, 2004  Plinian eruptions occur in gas-  Plinian eruptions occur in gas- Introduction rich viscous magma systems. rich viscous magma systems. Introduction  Plinian eruptions can be  Plinian eruptions can be viewed as occurring in a series viewed as occurring in a series of steps: of steps:  gas exsolution and bubble  gas exsolution and bubble formation, which we discussed formation, which we discussed last time. last time.  Fragmentation of the magma  Fragmentation of the magma  Gas thrust: gas magma  Gas thrust: gas magma accelerated out of vent accelerated out of vent  Convection: gas/ash/air  Convection: gas/ash/air mixture rises buoyantly mixture rises buoyantly  Umbrella region: mixture rises  Umbrella region: mixture rises only because of momentum only because of momentum and spreads and spreads  Plinian eruptions may fail to  Plinian eruptions may fail to produce stable convective produce stable convective columns, or convective columns, or convective columns may collapse, columns may collapse, producing pyroclastic flows. producing pyroclastic flows. 1 The Umbrella Region The Umbrella Re