能源效率，energy efficiency.pdf

energy end-use CHAPTER 6 efficiency Eberhard Jochem (Germany) LEAD AUTHORS: Anthony Adegbulugbe (Nigeria), Bernard Aebischer (Switzerland), Somnath Bhattacharjee (India), Inna Gritsevich (Russia), Gilberto Jannuzzi (Brazil), Tamas Jaszay (Hungary), Bidyut Baran Saha (Japan), Ernst Worrell (United States), and Zhou Fengqi (China) CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Mohamed Taoufik Adyel (Morocco), John Akinbami (Nigeria), David Bonilla (Japan), Allen Chen (United States), Alexander Kolesov (Russia), Hans Florentin Krause (United States), Wilhelm Mannsbart (Germany), Tim McIntosch (Canada), Louise Metivier (Canada), Folasade Oketola (Nigeria), David Pelemo (Nigeria), Jean Pierre Des Rosiers (France), Lee Schipper (United States), and XiuJian Hu (China) ABSTRACT Since the 1970s more efficient energy use in OECD countries has weakened or eliminated the link between economic growth and energy use. At the global level just 37 percent of primary energy is converted to useful energy— meaning that nearly two-thirds is lost. The next 20 years will likely see energy efficiency gains of 25–35 percent in most industrialised countries and more than 40 percent in transition economies. Dematerialization and recycling will further reduce energy intensity. Thus energy efficiency is one of the main technological drivers of sustainable development world-wide. Energy policy has traditionally underestimated the benefits of end-use efficiency for society, the environment,