A HISTORY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM - OCCC原子的结构-历史OCCC.ppt

Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * * Chapter 2, Unnumbered Figure, Page 50 Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * Unit 2 - Lecture 1: Structure of the Atom * * Chapter 2, Unnumbered Table 1, Page 71 * * Atomic Masses The mass (weight) shown in the periodic table is the mass of the element as its occurs naturally. If the element has more than one isotope, the mass shown is the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes. Mg has 3 isotopes. 24Mg 78.99% 23.985 amu 25Mg 10.00% 24.986 amu 26Mg 11.01% 25.983 amu weighted average of Mg: 0.7899x23.985 18.946 0.1000x24.986 2.499 0.1101x25.983 +2.861 24.31 amu atomic weight of Mg based on natural abundance: 24.31 amu * Mass Number Atomic Number Nuclear/Chemical Symbols X * Chemical Symbols Using nuclear symbols to determine the number of p, n, e O 16 8 Mass Number = Atomic Number = 16 8 # protons = atomic number = 8 # neutrons = Mass # - Atomic # = 16 - 8 = 8 # electrons = # protons = 8 * 120Sn 50 Chemical Symbols - Atoms Example: Write the nuclear symbol for the following atoms: 1) 50 p, 70 n 2) 17 e-, 20 n 37Cl 17 Examples How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of 197Au? Mass number = #p + # n = Atomic number of Au (Gold) = 79 = #p ? 79 p, 79 e, (197-79 =)118 n 197 * Example Give the complete nuclear symbol for the atom that contains 82 protons, 82 electrons, and 126 neutrons. Answer: Pb 208 82 * Practice recognizing neutral atoms and the number of their subatomic particles: * * Periodic Table: Sizes of Atoms Bonding atomic radius tends to… …decrease from left to right across a row (period) …increase from top to bottom of a column (group) * Periodic Properties