自考英语阅读复习资料.pdfVIP

一、语法 GrammarUsage Subject-VerbAgreement (I) 1．主谓一致的三条原则1）语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。 Human beingsenjoylearning. Everybody’sunderstandingis incomplete. 2）意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。 Thepeoplethereare fightingforthe independenceoftheir country. Thedollarswas a lot ofmoney atthat time. 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 Thereisa pen, twopencils andan eraserin the pencil box. Neither the boynorhis teachers knowthe answer. 2．集体名词作主语时与动词的一致1）当主语为furniture，equipment， machinery等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 Thefurniture in thatshopis all madein China. Officeequipmentis veryexpensive nowadays. Alotofnewmachinery hasbeeninstalled. 2）集体名词如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作复数用。 Somepeople drive madly in this country. Manycattlehave died becauseofthe fold. Thepolicehave beensenttherebutthey have notmadeany arrestsyet. Poultry are plentifulin that mountain region. 3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等词被 视做一个整体时，其后的动词作单数；被视做为构成整体的个体时， 其后的动词则为复数。 His family isa happyone. His family are all interestedin stamp-collecting. TheDemocraticGovernmentisin powernow. Thegovernmentis/are consideringfurther tax cuts. Theaudiencewasvery quitewhenhe wasgiving hisspeech. Theaudiencewere shouting andlaughing whenhe came intothe hall. Ourclassis the topclassin the grade. Theclassare busytakingnotes. 3．并列主语与动词的一致1）当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单 数动词。 Baconand eggs is a very popularBritishbreakfast. Toastandmarmalade(果酱面包) is my favorite breakfast. Fishandchips(炸鱼与土豆片) is servedeveryday. 2）当主语是由and， both….and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指 的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。 JackandMary are in lovewith eachother. BothTomand Johnare absent today. War, famine anddrought have claimed thousandsoflives in that country. 3)在又or或 nor连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与or 或 nor 后边的名词或代词保持一致。 He orhisbrothers are to blame forthis. Eitheryouoryourfriendhas topaythe bill. Eitherhis father orhis mothercomesto see him every day. Whencouples quarrel, (either) the wife orthe husband hastogive in. Neither she noryouare mistaken. Neither