麻省理工学院 生物材料课程 Lecture 4 Biomaterials Surfaces Chemistry (Continued).pdf

3.051/BE.340 1 Lecture 4 Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry (Continued) In the corrosion of metallic implants, further considerations arise with the complexity of biological fluids. In vivo environment �pH 7.4 �T = 37�C � anions: Cl-, PO3-, HCO3- (bicarbonate) + + 2+ 2+ �cations: Na , K , Ca , Mg Pitting and Crevice Corrosion : localized attacks resulting in rapid Mz+ release at discrete sites �initiated at local failure of passive film pitting : surface defect; crevice: region of restricted transport �remaining surface acts as cathode fi rapid penetration at defect (oxidation = reduction) �catalyzed by presence of Cl-, which replaces bound water �autocatalyzed by › acidity from rxn in confined volume Image removed due to copyright considerations. Photo of CoCr hip prosthesis, from J.J. Jacobs et al, “Corrosion of Metal Orthopaedic Implants”, J. Bone and Joint Surgery 80-A, 268 (1998). 3.051/BE.340 2 Ex. Stainless steels in Aqueous Soln: For Cr contents below 12.5 at%: FeOOH resides at surface in hydrated form: FeO (OH) •nH O (iron oxyhydroxide hydrate) x y 2 - In absence of Cl , slow dissolution: 3+ ­ FeOOH + H O fi Fe + 3OH 2 - - ­ With Cl present: FeOOH + Cl fi FeOCl + OH 3+ - ­