高分子化学（浙江大学） polymer1 Introduction.pptVIP

* Crystalline Polymer molecules are very large so it might seem that they could not pack together regularly and form a crystal. It now is known that regular polymers may form lamellar (plate-like片晶) crystals with a thickness of 10 to 20 nm. When a molten crystallizable polymer cools, the crystals grow from individual nuclei and radiate out like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. The crystalline portions actually radiate out in in three dimensions, forming spheres that are called spherulites （球晶）. * Amorphous (无定型) Amorphous polymers are softer, and are penetrated more by solvents than are their crystalline counterparts. Polymer chains with branches or irregular pendant groups cannot pack together regularly enough to form crystals. These polymers are said to be amorphous. * Semi-crystalline Semi-crystalline polymers have both crystalline and amorphous regions. Semi-crystallinity is a desirable property for most plastics because they combine the strength of crystalline polymers with the flexibility of amorphous. Semi-crystalline polymers can be tough with an ability to bend without breaking If we model a polymer as having distinct crystalline and amorphous regions, then the percentage of the polymer that is crystalline is called the percent crystallinity. The percent crystallinity has an important influence on the properties of the polymer. * Aggregation Morphology(聚集态形态) Liqid crystalline Orientation * Aggregation Morphology Blend PS-b-PIp (PS-b-PnBA)nX 共混物 * 6. Important Properties * Mechanical properties: Tensile strength, Impact resistant, etc Processing properties: melt viscosity Thermal stability: Tg , Tm, Tc Flame resistance Chemical resistance Degradability Others * Tensile Strength(拉伸强度) stress needed to break a sample * % Elongation to Break(断裂伸长率) Fibers have a low elongation-to-break and elastomers have a high elongation-to-break strain on a sample when it breaks * Young‘s Modulus(杨氏模量) Rigid materials, such as metals, have a high Youngs modu