高分子物理（浙江大学） 2 高分子聚集态的结构 Aggregate Structure of Polymers-2.ppt

2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Concept of aggregate state 聚集态结构的内涵 Aggregaste state Arrangement and stacking of different polymer chains. Aggregaste state includes 晶态 Crystalline state 液晶态 Liquid crystalline state 非晶态 Amorphous state 取向态 Orientation state 2.1.2 Interactions between polymer molecules 高分子的分子间作用力 covalent bond interaction non-covalent bond van de Walls force H bond Interaction force between the H atom in X——H bond and another Y atom with large electronegavity. Electronegativity： H:2.1 O:3.5 N:3.0 F:4.0 Strength：15~35 kJ/mol Features：directivity and saturability X——H┄┄Y 2.1.3 Cohesive energy density高分子的内聚能密度 Cohesive energy density of linear polymers 2.2 The Crystalline State Bragg equation 差式扫描量热法 (DSC)  Differential scanning calorimetry Measured by density 2.2.2?? Unit cell and conformation of polymer chain in crystals Principle types of crystal system Miller indices (h k l) Selected crystallographic data For polymer chains with no side group (PE) or with side group of small size (polyester，polyamide，POM，PVA). Polymer chains adopt all-trans conformation. The lowest energy of polymer chains. Advantageous to dense packing in crystals. Observation：Both diffraction pattren and diffused circle are observed. The measured size of crystalline domain is about hundred astrongs (much smaller than the length of polymer chain) Model： cocurrence of crystalline and amorphous domains small size of crystalline domain (one polymer chain can traverse several crystalline domains) random orientation of crystalline domains Reasonable： The apparent density density of unit cell melting range due to differen