1.句子成分——教案.docxVIP

英语句子成分：主谓宾表定状补同一．主语：?主语(subject)?是一个句子的主题(?theme)，?是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。?1．名词作主语。?A?tree?has?fallen?across?the?road.?2．代词用作主语。?I / we / you / he / she / it / they? ?You are?wrong.?? What do you like? what / which/ where/why/ who/whose3．数词用作主语。?Three?is?enough.?4．副词用作主语。?Now?is?the?time.5．不定式用作主语。?To?find?your?way?can?be?a?problem. It?would?be?nice?to?see?him?again.??It is helpful to write down the notes.6．动名词用作主语。?Smoking?is?bad?for?you.7.? 介词短语用作主语。?From?Shanghai?to?Beijing?is?a?long trip.??8.? 从句用作主语。 ?Whenever?you?are?ready?will?be?fine.?? Whatever you like 9.? 句子用作主语。?How?do?you?do???is?a?greeting.? 二．谓语?：谓语(predicate)?或谓语动词(predicate?verb)?的位置一般在主语之后。?谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。?1．简单的动词?(1).?What?happened?(2).?He?worked?hard?all?day?today.??(3).?The?plane?took?off?at?ten?o’clock.2．动词短语?(1).?I?am?reading.(2).?You?can?do?it?if?you?try?hard.?特殊的：系动词（link verb,不能单独做谓语，与表语连用成为主系表结构）1.She is pretty.am / is / are / was / were2.The food smells good.感官动词：look / sound / smell / feel / taste （feel well / feel good）表变化的动词：come?,?go?,?run,?turn?,get?,?become?,?keep?,?stay?,?make?seem,?appear?(似乎，好像)1．Our?dream?has?come?true.?。（come后常加?easy?, loose等）?2．He?fell?sick.?3. Keep?fit.?? ( keep作为系动词还常接quiet，calm，cool，?well，?warm?，silent，clean，dry??)4. The?well?ran?dry. （short?,?loose?,?wild?,?cold?等）?5. Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy.三．宾语?:宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。?1．名词: Do?you?fancy?a?drink??你想喝一杯吗？2．代词: They?won’t?hurt?us.?3．数词: If?you?add?5?to?5,?you?get?10.4．副词: He?left?there?last?week.? 5．不定式: Does?she?really?mean?to?leave?home??6．He?never?did?the?unexpected(想不到的，意外的).?（名词化的分词）?8．Do?you?understand?what?I?mean??你明白我的意思吗？（从句）?扩展： 双宾语问题宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物（多指人）。间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save,