植物基因组印迹的表观遗传学机制及其演化研究.docxVIP

评述与展望Review and Progress植物基因组印迹的表观遗传学机制及其演化研究李玥 1赖思晨 1张云峰 1,2*田宝强 1严胜柒 11 云南师范大学生命科学学院, 昆明, 650092; 2 教育部生物能源持续开发利用工程中心, 昆明, 650092* 通讯作者, mailto:zhyunfeng001@zhyunfeng001@摘 要 基因组印迹是指基因依其亲代来源的不同，等位基因呈现出差异表达的一种表观遗传现象。印迹在哺乳动物和显花植物的胚胎或胚及胚胎营养组织(胎盘或胚乳)中都有发现，并有独立趋同进化的倾向，而在 植物中发现的印迹绝大多数只存在于胚乳中。就表观遗传机制而言，目前发现的印迹表达主要是受到 DNA 甲基化、PcG 蛋白家族介导的组蛋白修饰和 ncRNAs 共同作用影响。植物印迹基因的全基因组分析揭示出许多印迹基因定位在转座子和重复序列附近，暗示转座子和重复序列的插入与印迹位点的演化存在相关性。关键词 基因组印迹, 表观遗传调控, DNA 甲基化, PcG 蛋白, siRNAThe Epigenetic Mechanisms of genomic Imprinting in Plants and itsEvolutionLi Yue 1Lai Sichen 1Zhang Yunfeng 1,2*Tian Baoqiang 1Yan Shengqi 11 College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092; 2 The Ministry of Education for Engineering Research Centre of BiologicalEnergy Development and Utilization, Kunming, 650092* Corresponding author, mailto:zhyunfeng001@zhyunfeng001@DOI: 10.13271/j.mpb.012.001050Abstract Genomic imprinting, the allele-specific expression of an autosomal gene that is dependent on its parentof origin, has independently evolved in flowering plants and mammals. In both of these organism classes, imprin- ting occurs in embryo as well as in embryo-nourishing tissues——the placenta and the endosperm, respectively.Whereas imprinting is predominantly restricted to the endosperm in plants. In terms of epigenetic mechanisms, imprinted expression is largely controlled by an antagonistic action of DNA methylation, Polycomb group- mediated histone methylation and ncRNAs. Genome-wide analyses of imprinted genes in plants have revealed that many imprinted genes are located in the vicinity of transposon or repeat sequences, implying that transposoninsertions are associated with the evolution of imprinted loci.Genomic imprinting, Epigenetic regulation, DNA methylation, Polycomb group proteins, siRNAKeywords表观遗传调控(Epigenetic regulation)是指在不改变基因组 DNA 序列的情况下，使生物个体的表型发 生稳定、可遗传的改变的基因表达调控方式。基因组 印迹(Genomic imprinting)，又可称基因组印记或遗传 印迹(Genetic imprinting)，是表观遗传调控的一种形 式，其特征是一个基因的两个等位基因根据其来源的不同