纵向预置应力法控制平板焊接残余应力的数值模拟研究.pdfVIP

纵向预置应力法控制平板焊接残余应力的数值模拟 周广涛，刘雪松，方洪渊 (哈尔滨工业大学 现代焊接生产技术国家重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨150001) 摘要：针对高强铝合金薄板结构焊接时存在的焊后残余应力及变形大的缺点,从力学角度出发,通过 施加预置应力的方法,利用椭球形热源模型对平板对接焊的残余应力场进行了数值模拟分析。结果表 明，该方法可以改善应力的分布状态,显著降低了焊后残余应力的峰值，在0.4 σ的预置应力载荷下 s 焊缝和热影响区处的最大纵向应力由 182MPa 降至 120MPa，使其处于较低的应力水平，从而减小 焊接变形。同时用实验结果验证了模拟结果的可靠性。 关键词：预置应力；焊接变形；纵向残余应力； 中图分类号：TG 115.21+3 Numerical simulation of welding residual stress for flat plate in longitudinal pre-stress method ZHOU Guang-tao, LIU Xue-song, FANG Hong-yuan (Harbin Institute of Technology , State Key Laboratory of Advanced welding Production technology, Harbin 150001, China) Abstract: The serious residual stress and distortion are the shortcomings associated with welding thin plate structure of high strength aluminum alloy. From the viewpoint of mechanics, the post-weld residual stress of the flat butt welding is analyzed by the ellipsoidal heat source model under the condition of applying of longitudinal pre-stress method. The result shows that it can improve the residual stress distribution of welded joint, furthermore, the peak value of the residual stress reduced evidently. The maximum longitudinal stress will decrease from the 182MPa to 120MPa or so when the pre-stress load is 0.4 σ. Then the stress level is relatively low and the welding deformation decreased. At the same time the s reliability of numerical simulation results is proved by the experimental results. Key words: pre-stress; welding deformation; residual longitudinal stress 1 引言 铝及铝合金以其比刚度和比强度高、易于成型等优点，广泛应用于航空、航天产品的重要结构 中[1]。近年来铝合金薄板-壳焊接结构的应用日益受到重视，对于一些高强铝合金，焊接热裂倾向敏 感，薄板-壳结构存在严重的焊接残余应力和变形，因此产生了诸如焊接接头强度低、结构尺寸不稳 定、延性变小等问题，因而限制了其进一步推广应用。在常规焊接过程中，由于受焊接热源局部加 热的影响，焊件内部的温度分布是不均匀的，并随着焊接过程的进行发生变化，因此在焊缝及其近 缝区产生