Implementing the Viterbi algorithm英文电子书.pdf

Implementing the Viterbi Algorithm Fundamentals and real-time issuesfor processor designers HUI-LING LOU he Viterbi algorithm, an application of dynamic pro- Figure, if the initial state is 1, an input of -1 will cause a gramming, is widely used for estimation and detection transition from state 1to state -1, and the output symbol of Tproblems in digital communications and signal proc- this transition is 0. essing. It is used to detect signals in communication channels To aid in visualizing the transitions from state to state, one with memory, and to decode sequential error-control codes often represents a finite-state diagram by a time-indexed that are used to enhance the performance of digital commu- equivalent called a trellis [2]. Figure Ib shows the trellis nication systems. The Viterbi algorithm is also used in speech equivalent of the two-state state diagram in Fig. la. That is, and character recognition tasks where the speech signals or at state 1 in Fig. lb, an input symbol of -1 will cause a characters are modeled by hidden Markov models. This arti- transition from state 1to state -1, and the output symbol of cle explains the basics of the Viterbi algorithm as applied to this transition is 0. With this time-indexed representation of systems in digital communication systems, and speech and a state diagram, we can see that if there are four symbols in character recognition. It also focuses on the operations and an input sequence, four stages of a trellis diagram is required the practical memory requirements to implement the Viterbi to show the transitions (Fig 2). algorithm in real-t