小学英语方位的表达方式.docVIP

方位的表达方式 第一节 交通工具 “规则” 　　一、介词规则 　　by条款：骑车、乘(驾)车、乘船、乘飞机可以使用介词by。 　　1by 后跟光棍名词，即名词不加任何修饰。如：by bike/bus/car/train/ship/boat/plane。 　　如：She is going to the Great Wall (长城) by car/ bus. 　　2by ship 可用by sea表示;by plane 可以用by air 表示。如： 　　a. How long does it take by ship/sea? b. They often come back by plane/air. 　　in/on条款：步行、骑车、乘车、乘船、乘飞机可以使用介词 in/on。 　　1.步行只可用on foot。(注意：步行不用by foot)如：Sometimes I go to school on foot. 　　2. 骑自行车须用介词 on ：on a/ ones bike。 　　3. 乘车、乘船、乘飞机可用in也可用on： in/ on a bus/train/ship/boat/plane。 　　4. 乘坐小汽车应使用 in a car，不用 on a car。 　　条款说明(一) 　　1. by +名词短语，多可以用in/on 短语替换来表示骑、乘之意。如： 　　a. His father goes to work by bike.　 →His father goes to work on a bike. 　　b. They go to the railway station (火车站) by car.　 →They go to the railway station in a car. 　　2. by sea，by air 是一种比较随便的口语结构，故不宜用in 短语和on短语进行改写。即： 　　by sea 不可用in/on the sea 替换；by air不可用 in/on the air 替换。 　　二、动词规则 　　以上出行活动皆可以选择性地用动词walk, ride, take, drive 来表示。 　　1. 步行用walk (to)。如：She walks home every day. 　　2. 骑车用ride a bike。如：Can you ride a bike to go there? 　　3. 乘车用 take a bus/train。如：I will take a bus/train to go to Beijing. 　　4. 乘飞机用 fly (to ) 或 take a plane。如：We are flying to England next week. 　　5. 乘(驾)小汽车用 drive a car。如：They will drive a car to go to the USA. 　　条款说明(二) 　　动词规则不能与介词规则相结合使用，尤其是动词walk, fly 。如： 　　She walks home on foot every day. (×) 　　a. She goes home on foot every day. (√) 　　b. She walks home every day. (√) 　　He will soon fly to London by plane/air. (×) 　　a. He will soon fly to London. (√) 　　b. He will soon go to London by plane/air. (√) in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如：North Korea is on the east of China. 4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如：New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. 汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north，south，east，west；并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。东南方：southeast西南方：southwest西北方：northwest东北方：northeast如：十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km