硕士生物仪器分析之气相色谱.ppt

Chromatography Gas Chromatography （1）高柱效，高分离度 （2）高柱效，低分离度 （3）低柱效，低分离度 （4）低柱效，高分离度 色谱分析的基本原理 组分要达到完全分离，两峰间的距离必须足够远，两峰间的距离是由组分在两相间的分配系数决定的，即与色谱过程的热力学性质有关。 但是两峰间虽有一定距离，如果每个峰都很宽，以致彼此重叠，还是不能分开。这些峰的宽或窄是由组分在色谱柱中传质和扩散行为决定的，即与色谱过程的动力学性质有关。 因此，要从热力学和动力学两方面来研究色谱行为。 涡流扩散项A 两个组分完全分离的条件 两组分的分配系数必须有差异 区域扩宽的速率应小于区域分离的速度 在保证快速分离的前提下，提供足够长的色谱柱。 Chromatogram of petrol Chlorinated Pesticides in Water GC system - Quantity Fig. 4: Chromatogram of 0.01 % (m/m) methanol in biodiesel. 2-propanol was added as internal standard. Fig. 5: Calibration curve of methanol in biodiesel in accordance with DIN EN 14110 using internal standard calibration. Table 1: Biodiesel sample spiked with three different methanol concentrations (n=6) /coi/cda/detail.cda?id=17440type=FeaturechId=3page=1 色谱定量分析常用的方法 归一化法 内 标 法 外 标 法 色谱峰的个数 样品中所含组份的最少个数 色谱峰的保留值(或位置) 定性分析 色谱峰的面积或峰高 定量分析 色谱峰的保留值及其区域宽度 评价色谱柱分离效能 色谱峰两峰间的距离 评价固定相(和流动相)选择是否合适 色谱流出曲线 得到的重要信息 Application Chromatogram of petrol Suggest identities of some of the unlabelled peaks. GC analysis of a complex mixture of natural fatty acids (as the methyl ester derivatives) on packed columns with EGSS-X? and EGSS-Y? as stationary phases /gc_lipid/05_gc_fa/index1.htm GC analysis of fatty acid derivatives (1) Separation of cis- and trans-isomers of 18:1 on a packed column (6 m x 2 mm i.d.) containing 15% OV-275? on Chromosorb PAW-DCMS? (100-120 mesh), Helium was the carrier gas and the operating temperature was 220oC; with a WCOT column (100 m x 0.25 mm) coated with SP-2560?, with hydrogen as the carrier gas and at a temperature of 175oC. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists GC analysis of fatty acid derivatives (2) /ms/masspec.html Method 1 - the enzymatic (using ultraviolet light) – hospitals or clinics For testing ethyl alcohol or drinking alcohol in a person (1) 340 (nm) 260 (nm) Method 2 -- infrared light as used in the Intoxilyzer breath testing machines – law enforcement agencies o