无线网络 第1章 绪论.pptVIP

无线网络技术 无线网络的作用 网络技术快速发展，人们的需求不断提高，移动计算技术更加得到青睐。 构造无处不在的计算环境，真正实现6A：任何人(anyone)在任何时候(anytime)、任何地点(anywhere)可以采用任何方式(any means)与其他任何人(any other)进行任何通信(anything)。 无线网络技术是实现6A梦想/移动计算/普适计算(Ubiquitous Computing)的核心技术。 移动计算与普适计算的区别 上世纪90年代早期，伴随着大量的笔记本电脑以及无线局域网出现在人们的工作生活中，移动计算技术诞生了。 在移动计算技术里大量应用了分布式系统的基本原理，但是有四个移动性制约因素迫使移动计算必须发展其专门的技术。 四个因素： 1.网络质量不可预测的变化 2.移动节点的较低信任度和健壮性 3.由于重量及体积的限制，本地资源的局限性 4.电池能量的局限性 移动计算和普适计算的进化图 mobile information access, including disconnected operation, bandwidth-adaptive file access, and selective control of data consistency. support for adaptative applications, including transcoding by proxies and adaptive resource management. system-level energy saving techniques, such as energy-aware adaptation, variable-speed processor scheduling, energy-fair ad hoc networking, and energy-sensitive task and memory management. location sensitivity, including location sensing and location-aware system behavior. 到2000年，移动计算的研究开始触及我们现在所定义的普适计算问题。 普适计算的成立宣言被认为是1991年Xerox PARC的Mark Weiser发表的一篇文章“The Computer for the 21st Century” Smart Spaces: embedding computing infrastructure in building infrastructure brings together two worlds that have been disjoint until now. The fusion of these worlds enables mutual sensing and control of these worlds. Invisibility: the ideal expressed by Weiser is complete disappearance of pervasive computing technology from a user’s conciousness. In practice, a reasonable approximation to this ideal is minimal user distraction. If a pervasive computing environment continuously meets user expectations and rarely presents him with surprises, it allows him to interact almost at a subconcious level. Localized Scalability: as smart spaces grow in sophistication, the intensity of interactions between a user’s personal computing space and its surroundings increases. This has severe bandwidth, energy and distraction implications for a wireless mobile user. Scalability, in the broadest sense, is thus a critical problem in pervasive computin