生物柴油设计说明书终结版.doc

摘 要 生物柴油是一种新的生物质可再生能源，具有深远的经济效益与社会效益。目前国内外生产生物柴油主要采用间歇搅拌釜式反应器，并形成了一套较为成熟的工艺,但单位体积反应器内生产效率低。本文采用逆流塔式反应器替代搅拌釜式反应器，以达到降低成本的目的。 设计了用于生物柴油连续化制备的塔式反应器，实现了油相与醇相在反应器内逆流接触。并以浓H2SO4为催化剂，棉籽油毛油为原料 ，在逆流塔式反应器中进行了生物柴油的连续化制备，设计质量的7%,生物柴油收率 95% 物料在反应停留时间反应区6h、上澄清区1h、下澄清区1h 关键词：生物柴油；逆流塔式反应器；连续化操作 Abstract Biodiesel is a novel renewable biomass energy, which can bring great economic and social benefits. Although the present technique of biodiesel production using batch reactors is mature, but its efficiency is low. The countercurrent tower reactor, which can reduce the manufacturing cost, are adopted to substitute BSTR. A countercurrent tower reactor in order to realize continuous preparation of biodiesel was designed, and the countercurrent contact between methanol phase and vegetable oil phase in the countercurrent tower reactor was realized. And biodiesel was prepared by transesterification from vulgar cottonseed oil and methanol, using H2SO4 as catalysts. The mass yield was 95% achieved at 70℃ and resident time 6h and 7% H2SO4 (w%) of oil and methanol to oil molar ratio at 6:1. The mixture of methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid get into the tower from the upper part of the reaction zone while the feedstock oil from the lower part. With drastic stir, the liquid mixture react continuously. The methanol and bio-diesel products in the refining zone up the tower gradually separated while the feedstock oil and the products separated in the refining zone down the tower. The total height of the tower being 7.90m and the diameter 1.4m, the performance of it needs further discussion Keywords: biodiesel; countercurrent tower reactor; continuoustoperation.  目录 摘 要 I Abstract II 目录 1 引 言 2 第1章 设计条件与任务 3 1.1设计条件 3 4 2.1生物柴油 4 2.1.1生物柴油的理化性质 4 2.1.2 生物柴油的优点 5 2.2生物柴油的制备方法 7 2.2.1直接混合法 8 2.2.2微乳液法 8 2.2.3高温裂解法 9 2.2.4酯交换反应法 10 2.3影响酯交换反应的因素 11 2.3.1醇油摩尔比的影响 11 2.3.2催化剂的影响 12 2.3.3反应时间的影响 12 2.3.4反应温度的影响 13 2.4油脂酯交换连续反应器 13 2.4.1管式反应器 13 2.4.2固体床反应器 15 2.4.3塔式反应器 15 2.3.4微反应器 16 2.3