专八考试英国文学资料总集.pptVIP

English literature 第一节 中世纪和文艺复兴(约5-17C) 第二节 新古典主义和浪漫主义(18C初-19C初) 第三节 维多利亚时期(19C初-20C初) 第四节 现代主义文学和当代文学(20C初-) Old and Medieval English Literature 1. Old English Poetry and “Beowulf”(贝奥武浦) “Beowulf ” → the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people → Alliteration( 头韵） Round the rocks runs the river. → end rhyme( 尾韵） The light that lies in womens eyes. 公元1066年,William the Conqueror征服英格兰,法国文化占据主导地位.这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇(Romance),流传最广的是高文爵士和绿衣骑士(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight).故事以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢,忠贞和美德. 传奇文学(Romance)专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情. 36. ______ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation’s history. A. Ballad B. Romance C. Epic D. Elegy 《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》是英语韵文浪漫诗的杰出代表。全诗共2529行，作者不详，创作于诺曼时期向新时代过渡的14世纪。基本情节是：某年圣诞节，亚瑟王在自己的宫廷里举行宴会。一位绿衣骑士前来向圆桌骑士挑战：有谁敢当场砍下他的头，并让他一年后回敬一斧。高文接受挑战，砍下了绿衣骑士的头。那具依然活着的躯体捡起头颅，回到绿色的教堂。一年以后，高文践约去寻找绿衣骑士，来到一座城堡。城堡女主人趁丈夫外出狩猎耍尽花招引诱高文；高文不为所动。最后高文在向导的陪同下离开城堡前往绿色教堂。绿衣骑士原来就是城堡的男主人，他举斧向高文进攻三次，前两次落空，第三次在他的脖子上划出轻伤。绿衣骑士向他解释：落空的两斧是对他两次不受女主人诱惑并如实交还所得之物的回报，第三斧则是对高文隐瞒女主人送他腰带的惩罚。高文辞别绿衣骑士返回亚瑟王的宫廷，将自己的历险告诉众人，骑士们一致认为他为圆桌骑士争了光。那根女主人送他的腰带成了纯洁的道德的象征。 3.Middle English Literature and the Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟 → the “father of English poetry”, →“The Canterbury Tales” is Chaucer’s masterpiece (stories narrated by Pilgrims) → he introduced rhymed heroic couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. (Couplet: A stanza of two lines, which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, etc. ) The Renaissance Renaissance (1485—1660) → The Background: the society was in its transition from the feudalism to capitalism. → Revival or rebirth of classical arts, culture and philosophy after the dark ages of medieval → The key word for it is humanism, emphasized secular concerns , express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. → Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period Utopia (socialism) The definition of Utopia is no place. Edmund Spenser