尾矿库漫顶溃坝模型试验研究-中国恩菲工程技术有限公司.PDFVIP

2015年6月 中国矿山工程 摇 第44卷摇 第3期 China Mine Engineering ·73 · 摇 摇 综合技术 尾矿库漫顶溃坝模型试验研究 Experimental study on tailing dam break due to overtopping 1 1 2 楚金旺 ,宋会彬 ,张红武 (1.中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京 100038;2.清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京 100084) 摘摇 要:根据洪水计算结果、调洪库容和排洪设施泄洪能力进行调洪演算,找出漫顶溃坝的诱因,拟定试验条件,选取洪水频 率,确定洪水过程线,再换算成模型试验来水流量—时间曲线。 将相似准则适当放宽,重点考虑集积效果相似,试验模型遵循 水流重力相似、水流阻力相似、尾矿起动相似和尾矿悬移相似等相似条件。 以国内某尾矿库为工程背景,建立试验模型进行 溃坝试验研究,分析溃决过程和溃坝机理。 尾矿坝漫顶溃坝溃口发展过程主要由“水流冲刷引起的纵向连续下切及陡坎冲 蚀冶和“溃口边坡失稳坍塌引起的横向间歇扩展冶组成,在溃坝初期,水流侵蚀是溃口扩展的主导因素,而在中后期,纵向陡坎 冲蚀和边坡失稳坍塌成为溃口扩展的主导因素。 关键词:漫顶溃坝;模型试验;相似定律;溃坝机理;陡坎冲蚀;溃口形态 Abstract:According to flood regulation calculation which based on flood calculation,flood storage capacity and discharge capacity of flood drainagefacility,the inducements for dam failure caused by overtopping could be found out,and test conditions were drafted which includedfloodfrequency,flood process line and flow time curves used for the model test. When the similarity law is properly relaxed,the similar integrated effects are chiefly concerned. The test model follows the similarity conditions of gravity,resistance, incipient motion and suspending. Taking a domestictailingsdam asthe engineeringbackground,thetest modelfor experimental study on tailings dam breakwas establishedto analyzethe process andfailure mechanism. The breaching process of tailings damfailure due to overtopping mainly consistsof ‘vertical continuouserosioncausedbyflow andscarp erosion爷and ‘intermittenttransverseexpansion caused by slopeinstability collapse爷. Intheearlytimeof dambreak,flow erosionisthedominantfactor of breachexpansion,whilein the middle and late stages,vertical scarp erosion and slope instability collapse have become the dominant factors. Key words:dam failure caused by overtopping; model te