nature上关于真社会性和内含适应性理论的论文.pdfVIP

Vol 466 j26 August 2010jdoi:10.1038/nature09205 ANALYSIS The evolution of eusociality 1 1 2 Martin A. Nowak , Corina E. Tarnita Edward O. Wilson Eusociality, in which some individuals reduce their own lifetime reproductive potential to raise the offspring of others, underlies the most advanced forms of social organization and the ecologically dominant role of social insects and humans. For the past four decades kin selection theory, based on the concept of inclusive fitness, has been the major theoretical attempt to explain the evolution of eusociality. Here we show the limitations of this approach. We argue that standard natural selection theory in the context of precise models of population structure represents a simpler and superior approach, allows the evaluation of multiple competing hypotheses, and provides an exact framework for interpreting empirical observations. or most of the past half century, much of sociobiological greater than two times the cost to the altruist (R 5 1/2) or eight times theory has focused on the phenomenon called eusociality, in the case of a first cousin (R 5 1/8). where adult members are divided into reproductive and (par- Due to its originality and seeming explanatory power, kin selection F came to be widely accepted as a cornerstone of sociobiological theory. tially) non-reproductive castes and the latter care for the young. How can genetically prescribed selfless behaviour arise by Yet it was not the concept itself in its abstract form that first earned natural selection, which is seemingly its antithesi