Human Biology - Brigham Young University–Idaho.pptVIP

Medical Microbiology Chapter 19 Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis Terms Pathology – study of disease Etiology – cause of disease Pathogenesis – manner in which a disease develops Infection – invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms Disease – change from a state of health Diseases How are diseases catagorized? Spread: Communicable Contagious Noncommunicable Categorization according to how often they occur in a given location: endemic - constantly present epidemic - disease occurring in excess of normal expectancy Pandemic - worldwide epidemic Disease Severity or duration: Acute Chronic Latent Extent of infection: Local infection Systemic infection Bacteremia, septicemia, toxemia, viremia Disease Primary infection vs. secondary infection Subclinical infection Spread of Disease Etiology or etiological agent - cause of a disease Reservoir - continual source of pathogens human, animal, non-living Mechanisms of Transmission: contact transmission - from one person to another person direct indirect (through a fomite) droplet (sneezing, coughing and talking) Spread of Disease (cont.) Vehicle Transmission - transmission of disease by a medium water, food, air Vector Transmission - transmission of disease by an insect Nosocomial infections Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the frequency and distribution of disease Examples The CDC The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the nation’s center for epidemiology The CDC tracks some 50 infectious diseases nationwide they help county and state agencies during epidemics The CDC publishes a weekly newsletter called Morbitity and Mortality Weekly Virulence Factors Successful pathogens have a variety of factors that contribute to their ability to cause disease these are called virulence factors Mechanisms of Pathogenesis Successful pathogens carry out a sequence of events: transmission to a susceptible host gain access to the host adherence to the target tissue colonization and sometim