STP,讲述STP如何选举的过程,经典!.pptVIP

Implementing Spanning Tree Describing the STP Transparent Bridging What Is a Bridge Loop? Preventing Bridge Loops 802.1D STP Configured root switch Redundant switch links Optimal path selection Bridge Protocol Data Unit BPDU Protocol ID 【2】 协议ID 协议标识 0x0000表示IEEE 802.1D Version 【1】 版本 802.1D (0x00)， RSTP/MSTP（0x02） Message Type 【1】 消息类型 BPDU的类型 （配置BPDU=ox00 TCN=ox80） Flags 【1】 标志 TC/TCA Root ID 【8】 根ID 根网桥的网桥ID Cost of Path 【4】 路径开销 到达根网桥的STP开销 Bridge ID 【8】 网桥ID 转发根网桥BPDU的网桥的ID Port ID 【2】 端口ID 转发根网桥BPDU的网桥的端口ID Message age 【2】 消息寿命 从根桥发出BPDU之后的秒数 Max age 【2】 最大寿命 网桥将根桥看作不可用前保留根桥ID最大时间 Hellotime 【2】 hello 时间 根桥连续发出BPDU的间隔 Forward delay 【2】 转发延迟 网桥监听与学习状态所停留的时间 Spanning-Tree Operation Four-Step Spanning-Tree Decision Process 根桥的选举规则： 拥有最小bridge-id的交换机成为根桥 Extended System ID in Bridge ID Field Root Bridge Selection Criteria Root Bridge Selection Four-Step Spanning-Tree Decision Process 在选举RP, DP, NDP的时候，要用到以下三个参数 Root Bridge-ID 根桥ID path of cost 路径开销 Sender Bridge-ID 桥ID Sender port ID 接口ID Local Switch Root Port Election Spanning-Tree Operation Spanning Tree Path Cost Spanning Tree Protocol Root Port Selection Spanning-Tree Operation Four-Step Spanning-Tree Decision Process Lowest RID Lowest path cost to root bridge Lowest sender BID Lowest sender port ID STP Designated Port Selection Example: Layer 2 Topology Negotiation Spanning Tree Port States RSTP BPDU Format Example: STP Topology Change Enhancements to STP PortFast Per VLAN Spanning Tree+ (PVST+) Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) MSTP is also known as Multi-Instance Spanning Tree Protocol (MISTP) on Cisco Catalyst 6500 switches and above Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree (PVRST) Per VLAN Spanning Tree (Cont.) PortFast Portfast PortFast：　 　能够让2层的接入端口(接host)跳过LIS/LRN状态立即进入FWD。30S-0S 　基于接口，用于