大学英语教学课件（大二上册）metaphors-of-Culture文化理解.pptVIP

* Metaphors of Culture 1) an iceberg 2) software of our mind 3) the rules of the game 4) an onion 5) water that fish is swimming in * 1)An Iceberg a. Objective culture: history, literature, and customs. ( visible, small part) b. Subjective culture: feelings and attitudes about things. (invisible, large part ) * Which of the following are above the water and which are below? What people eat What people wear What games children play How to use time How to introduce people How to participate in ceremonies Rules for gestures Rules for facial expressions and eye contact Etiquette Work speed What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad, etc. Car parking * * 3) The Rules of the Game 1) Everybody is playing in any particular society although we generally are not highly aware of the rules at any given moment. 2) These shared rules of the game tell us how to communicate with others and how to interpret the behavior of those around us. * Case Study Richard, an engineer from the United States, was invited to take tea with one of his British colleagues while he was in England. This was a purely social, relaxed occasion. Tea was served along with sugar and cream. As he helped himself to some sugar and cream, he sensed he had done something wrong. Can you tell what went wrong? “Help yourself” VS. “Be my guest” * 4) An Onion The onion has three different layers. the outer layer the middle layer the inner nuclear layer. By the same token, culture like an onion. when you strip it layer by layer, you will notice the fact that the culture also have three layers. * Three Levels Three levels of culture that are more clearly observable: 1) The outer level: symbols, such as words, color or other artifacts that carry a special meaning 2）The middle level: heroes, such as admired persons who serve as an example for behavior 3）The inner nucleus level: rituals, such as ways of greeting and paying respect * Example