吉林大学-数据库系统原理课件ch20.pptVIP

Chapter 20: Database System Architectures Chapter 20: Database System Architectures Centralized Systems A Centralized Computer System Client-Server Systems Client-Server Systems (Cont.) Client-Server Systems (Cont.) Server System Architecture Server systems can be broadly categorized into two kinds: transaction servers which are widely used in relational database systems, and data servers, used in object-oriented database systems Transaction Servers Transaction Server Process Structure A typical transaction server consists of multiple processes accessing data in shared memory. Server processes These receive user queries (transactions), execute them and send results back Processes may be multithreaded, allowing a single process to execute several user queries concurrently Typically multiple multithreaded server processes Lock manager process More on this later Database writer process Output modified buffer blocks to disks continually Transaction Server Processes (Cont.) Log writer process Server processes simply add log records to log record buffer Log writer process outputs log records to stable storage. Checkpoint process Performs periodic checkpoints Process monitor process Monitors other processes, and takes recovery actions if any of the other processes fail E.g. aborting any transactions being executed by a server process and restarting it Transaction System Processes (Cont.) Transaction System Processes (Cont.) Shared memory contains shared data Buffer pool Lock table Log buffer Cached query plans (reused if same query submitted again) All database processes can access shared memory To ensure that no two processes are accessing the same data structure at the same time, databases systems implement mutual exclusion using either Operating system semaphores Atomic instructions such as test-and-set To avoid overhead of interprocess communication for lock request/grant, each database process operates directly on the lock table instead of sending requests to lo