diabetes 糖尿病.ppt

Diabetes;In the United States alone,more than 20 million people have diabetes. That’s according to Paul Robertson, president of Medicine Science at the American Diabetes Association.; Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance（阻力） to insulin, or both To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process of food metabolism（新陈代谢） ; * A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body. 　 * An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel. 　　People with diabetes have high blood glucose. This is because their pancreas does not make enough insulin or their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally, or both. ; There are three major types of diabetes: 　 * Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. The body makes little or no insulin, and daily injections of insulin are required to sustain （维持）life. Without proper daily management, medical emergencies can arise. ; Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 and makes up 90% or more of all cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adulthood. Here, the pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to the insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to the growing number of older Americans, increasing obesity, and failure to exercise. ;Symptoms of type 1 diabetes:;Symptoms of type 2 diabetes ; Complications ;Diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病视网膜病变）; Complications ;Signs and tests ; Fasting blood glucose level —— diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occ