中药鉴定学(英语)-1.ppt

大黄 (Rhubarb) Radix et Rhizoma Rhei;大黄 Dahuang (Rhubarb) Radix et Rhizoma Rhei;【Other Names】Jinwen、Chuanjun、Xining Rhubarb、 South Rhubarb、North Rhubarb、General。 【Record】First in the “Shen Nongs Herbal Classic”. 【Source】(Fam. Polygonaceae). the dried root and rhizome of ① Rheum palmatum 掌叶大黄 as North Rhubarb ② Rheum tanguticum 唐古特大黄 ③ Rheum officinale 药用大黄 ---- as South Rhubarb ; Common Characters of Polygonaceae: ① having ocreae (stipular sheath) ② simple-perianth flower ③ stamen 6-9 Respective Characters of the Plants in Rhubarb Rheum palmatum: palmatifid leaf; flower, purple 掌状半裂叶 R. tanguticum: palmately parted leaf (partition); flower, purple 掌状深裂 R. officinale: palmatilobate leaf; flower, yellow 掌状浅裂;;Rheum officinale palmatilobat leaf; flower, yellow.;① subcylindrical, conical, hoof-shape, or irregular-shape. ② 3-10cm in diameter. ③ yellowish-brown to reddish-brown.④ texture, firm. ⑤ pith broad, with “star spots” arranged in ring or irregularly scattered. ⑥ odor, aroma; taste, bitter and slightly astringent; sticky and gritty on chewing.; 掌叶大黄 Rheum palmatum;药用大黄 Rheum officinale 唐古特大黄 Rheum tanguticum ;species;;木栓层;【Microscopic Identification】 ;R.palmatum(upper picture): the figure of clusters is subcycloidal，the petals of cluster are more，edges and corners are mostly short and small without symmetry；compound starch granules are consisted by 2~7 branch granules. 晶形类圆形，晶瓣多，棱角大多短小，不对称；淀粉复粒由2~7分粒组成。 R. officinale(lower picture): the figure of clusters is subcycloidal, the edges and corners are mostly broad and symmetrical; compound starch granules are consisted by 2~9 branch granules. 晶形类圆形，棱角大多宽而对称; 淀粉复粒由2~9分粒组成。 ;【Constituents】;free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones; Constituents Comparison; 【Physical-chemical Ide