毕业设计-油田注水智能控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 油田注水是采油生产过程中最重要的工作之一，油田的注水开发在油田的开发过程中具有极其重要的意义，通过控制注水和控制产出水量保持地底压力，达到油田长期高产、稳产是一项十分重要的技术。在实际的注水过程中，人工调节注水会存在很多的问题，工作人员不能长期驻守在现场，而且人工调节易出现超注或欠注的现象，影响正常的生产。针对目前的这些状况，本文设计了一种基于ATmega16单片机的油田注水智能监控系统，实现了注水流量的自动监测，并将PID 控制引入到控制系统中，实现实时增加注水量保持地层压力的目的。 本文在介绍了注水油田系统的研究背景和国内外发展现状基础上，根据油田注水系统的的结构组成和注水流程，确立了油田智能注水监控系统的总体方案，并介绍了测控系统的工作原理。 测控系统选用 ATmega16作为系统的核心，利用流量计监测流量，由流量误差值通过PID 控制器计算出控制量，单片机通过 PWM 控制电机的转向和转速控制阀门的开关度，达到调节注水的目的。 关键词 油田注水 PID控制 单片机 流量测控系统 Abstract Oilfield water injection is one of the most important works in the oil production process，oilfield waterflooding has the extremely vital significance in the process of oil field development，it can remain underground through the control of water injection and control of output water，its a very important technology to achieve long-term oil.In the actual water injection process，there are many problems in the artificial regulation of water，the workers could not stay at the same all the time，when it need to regulate the flow can not be performed immediately，and it will affect the normal production because of ultra injection or short phenomenon.This paper discusses the design of a single chip microcomputer based on ATmega16 of oilfield water injection intelligent monitoring system for aiming at these conditions， realizing the water injection flow automatic monitoring，and the PID control is introduced into the control system. This paper introduces the background of researching on the water flooding and development status at home and abroad firstly，and established oilfield intelligent infusion monitoring system according to the oilfield water injection system structure and the injection process，at the same time，it introduces the principle of measurement and control system. In this paper，we choose the ATmega16 as the core of the system，and flow error values by PID controller calculates a control olume，through the single-chip PWM control of motor steering and speed control valveswitch，to regulate the purpose of water