Corrosion properties of sol–gel silica coatings on phosphated carbon steel in sodium chloride solution.pdfVIP

Basciano et al. BMC Cell Biology 2011, 12:12 /1471-2121/12/12 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Long term culture of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxia promotes a genetic program maintaining their undifferentiated and multipotent status Leticia Basciano, Christophe Nemos, Bernard Foliguet, Natalia de Isla, Marcelo de Carvalho, Nguyen Tran and * Ali Dalloul Abstract Background: In the bone marrow, hematopietic and mesenchymal stem cells form a unique niche in which the oxygen tension is low. Hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate, self renewal and multipotency. However, whereas most studies addressed the effect of transient in vitro exposure of MSC to hypoxia, permanent culture under hypoxia should reflect the better physiological conditions. Results: Morphologic studies, differentiation and transcriptional profiling experiments were performed on MSC cultured in normoxia (21% O ) versus hypoxia (5% O ) for up to passage 2. Cells at passage 0 and at passage 2 2 2 were compared, and those at passage 0 in hypoxia generated fewer and smaller colonies than in normoxia. In parallel, MSC displayed (4 fold) inhibition of genes involved in DNA metabolism, cell cycle progression and chromosome cohesion whereas transcripts involved in adhesion and metabolism (CD93, ESAM, VWF, PLVAP, ANGPT2, LEP, TCF1) were stimulated. Compared to normoxic cells, hypoxic cells were morphologically undifferentiated and contained less mitochondrias. After this lag phase, cells at passage 2 in hypoxia outgrew the cells cultured in normoxia and displayed an enhanced expression of genes (4-60 fold) involved in extracellular matrix assembly (SMOC2), neural and muscle development (NOG, GPR56, SNTG2, LAMA) and epithelial development (DMKN). This group described her