modal verbs讲解.docVIP

情态动词modal verbs 情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”“可以”“应该”等意义。情态动词有以下特征： 1. 不能单独作谓语，除ought to 和 used to 以外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 2. 没有人称和数的变化。但有些情态动词，如can, will, dare有一般现在时和过去时的变化。 3. 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是区别时间的主要标志，很多情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。 Part Ⅰ can和 could 1 . 表示“能力” 与be able to 的区别： can 只有现在和过去时态，强调能力； be able to有各种时态，表示“一时”, “某一次具体”的能力，强调结果. was / were able to : “(过去)成功地做到…” Mary can play the piano .She has been able to play it since she was 5. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. A big fire broke out in the hotel last night. Fortunately, all people were able to escape. 相当于 managed to do sth. ／ succeeded in doing sth. 2．表示“许可”、“请求” （表示请求时，口语中常用could 代替 can， 使语气更加婉转，但回答要用can。） --Could I use your bike? --Yes, you can. 3．表示“理论上或一时的可能”（主要用于肯定的陈述句） Anybody can make mistakes. 　 It can be dangerous to go traveling without a mate. Wuhan can be very hot in summer. I like kids, but they can be very naughty sometimes. 4. 表示推测(主要用于否定句和疑问句) （此时，could表示可能性比can 低，不表示过去时） He cant be at home, for the lights are off. 　 Can the news be true ? You couldn’t have seen me in the museum yesterday, because I was sleeping at home all day. 在这种用法中，can / could也可以表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。如： She’s so young. Can she be your mother? How can you believe such a liar as him? may 和might 1．表示“许可” “征询对方许可” （征询对方许可时，might 比 may 更婉转） You may use my computer tonight. ---May I leave now? ---No, you mustn’t. / Yes, you may / certainly. / Sure. / Of course. 2. 表示猜测,推测(主要用于肯定句和否定句) （此时，might表示可能性比may 低，不表示过去时） He may / might be very bust now. It may not rain tomorrow. Nobody has ever seen him since that year. He may / might have gone abroad. 3. 用于” may+主语+动词原形” 结构, 表示“祝福” May you succeed. May you have a bright future. 注意: *may/ might as well do sth. 主要用于表示提议或劝告，意为“不妨”。如： If that is the case, I may as well try. 既然如此，我不妨试一试。 Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然你来了，你就留下。 It’s not very far, so we may [mi