汉语介词衍生的语义机制精选.pdfVIP

2004 年 2 月 汉语学习 Feb . ,2004 第 1 期 Chinese Language Learning No . 1 汉语介词衍生的语义机制① 张旺熹② (北京语言大学 ,北京 100083) 　　[ 关键词] 介词 ;非终结动词 ;语义完形 ;语义降级 　　[摘 　要] 本文以非终结动词为基点来阐述汉语基本介词衍生的一种可能性 。本文重点描写了汉 语中衍生为基本介词的动词的非终结性特征 ,并认为 ,非终结动词在句法语义上都要求后续或追加动词 短语 ,形成连动结构或兼语结构 , 以满足句子语义完形的要求 。而当一个句子同时出现多个动词短语 时 ,受语言结构主从关系原则的制约 ,非终结动词短语就要发生语义降级 。可以说 ,汉语介词可能是一 部分非终结动词在连动结构或兼语结构中由语义降级而产生的句法后果 。 [ 中图分类号] H146 . 3 [文献标识码]A [文章编号] 1003 - 7365 (2004) 0 1 - 000 1 - 11 　　 A Semantic Machanism of the Basic Prepositions Derivation in Chinese ZHAN G Wangxi (Beij ing L anguage and Cult ure U niver sity , Beij ing 100083) Key words :basic p repo sition ;nonterminating verb ;fullform sentence ;semantic demotion Abstract :Based on t he analysis of t he nonterminating verbs ,t his p aper expounds one of t he po ssibili ties of t he basic p repo sitions derivation in Chinese . It focuses on t he description of t he nonterminating feat ures of t he verbs which have derived into t he basic p repo sitions ,and point s out t hat to meet t he re quirement of t he fullform sentences , t he nonterminating verbs require to be followed by a verb p hrase ,synt actically and semantically ,to get a serial verb const ruction or a pivot al const ruction . And when t here are more t han one verb p hrases ,t he semantic demotion of t he nonterminating verb p hrases happens under t he const raint of t he subor dination p rinciple of t he linguistic st ruct ure . It is reasonable to say t hat t he p repo sitions of Chinese may be a synt actic result of t he sema