土木工程外文中英文翻译近期美国在钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构研究和设计方面的发展.doc

? 毕 业 设 计 英 文 翻 译 学 院： 建筑工程学院 专 业： 土木工程 学生姓名: 学 号: 设计题目： 近期美国在钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构 研究和设计方面的发展 指 导 教 师: 专业负责人： 起迄日期: 设计地点: 发任务书日期: 年 月 日 Recent Research and Design Developments in Steel and Composite Steel-concrete Structures in USA The paper will conclude with a look toward the future of structural steel research. 1. Research on steel bridges The American Association of State Transportation and Highway Officials (AASTHO) is the authority that promulgates design standards for bridges in the US. In 1994 it has issued a new design specification which is a Limit States Design standard that is based on the principles of reliability theory. A great deal of work went into the development of this code in the past decade, especially on calibration and on the probabilistic evaluation of the previous specification. The code is now being implemented in the design office, together with the introduction of the Systeme Internationale units. Many questions remain open about the new method of design, and there are many new projects that deal with the reliability studies of the bridge as a system. One such current project is a study to develop probabilistic models, load factors, and rational load-combination rules for the combined effects of live-load and wind; live-load and earthquake; live-load, wind and ship collision; and ship collision, wind, and scour. There are also many field measurements of bridge behavior, using modern tools of inspection and monitoring such as acoustic emission techniques and other means of non-destructive evaluation. Such fieldwork necessitates parallel studies in the laboratory, and the evolutio