有限元方法 Slide_chpt01Introduction.ppt

Equations solvers For nonlinear problems, another iterative loop is needed For time-dependent problems, time stepping is also additionally required Implicit approach (accurate but much more computationally expensive) Explicit approach (simple, but less accurate) VISUALIZATION Vast volume of digital data Methods to interpret, analyze and for presentation Use post-processors 3D object representation Wire-frames Collection of elements Collection of nodes VISUALIZATION Objects: rotate, translate, and zoom in/out Results: contours, fringes, wire-frames and deformations Results: iso-surfaces, vector fields of variable(s) Outputs in the forms of table, text files, xy plots are also routinely available Visual reality A goggle, inversion desk, and immersion room Available Commercial FEM Software Packages ANSYS (General propose,PC and workstations) SDRC/I-DEAS (Complete CAD/CAE/CAM package) NASTRAN (General purpose FEA) ABAQUS (Nonlinear and dynamic analysis) COSMOS (General purpose FEA) ALGOR (PC and workstations) PATRAN (Pre/Post Processor) HyperMesh (Pre/Post Processor) Dyna-3D (Crash/impact analysis) … A Brief History of the FEM 1943 ----- Courant ( Variational methods) 1956 ----- Turner, Clough, Martin and Topp(Stiffness) 1960 ----- Clough (“Finite Element”, plane problems) 1970s ----- Applications on mainframe computers 1980s ----- Microcomputers, pre- and postprocessors 1990s ----- Analysis of large structural systems Current Practices in Industries Ever increasing practices of CAD/CAE/CAM/PLM (Engineering Product Lifecycle Management) Tools CAD (Computer-aided design) is a done deal (everyone has to do it) CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) /PLM still in intensive research CAE are being used for 80-95% of analysis jobs in companies to optimize the design and reduce the design cost and cycle CAE is the bottleneck and a growing market Every aspect of mechanical engineering fields are covered by CAE (kinematics, dynamics, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, structu