第2章 知识回顾_2010.pptVIP

The Strain-Displacement Equations Constitutive Equations Elasticity tensor Stress for any point inside should satisfy the internal equilibrium equations, internal equilibrium equations of elastostatics * * 知识回顾 (Review) 计算力学 (力学系本科生) Matrix Operations Basic Elasticity 2.1 Matrix Algebra / Operations n = 1 A column matrix. A matrix is an (m x n) array arranged in m rows and n columns. m = n A square matrix. m = 1 A row matrix. aij Element of matrix a row i, column j Addition of matrices. Matrices must be of same order (m x n) Add them term by term C =A +B cij = aij + bij Multiplication of two matrices Cn1xn2 =An1xm Bmxn2 Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar. A＝ kB aij = kbij If A = AT then A is symmetric. A must be a square matrix Transpose of a matrix: Interchange of rows and columns If [a] is m x n then [a]T is n x m The identity matrix (or unit matrix) is denoted by the symbol I: AI = IA = A For a square and nonsingular matrix A (detA≠0), its inverse A-1 is constructed in such a way that The cofactor matrix(代数余子阵) C of matrix A is defined by Mij is determinant of the smaller matrix obtained by eliminating the ith row and jth column of A. The inverse of A can be determined by Q 1 : Can you show that Q 2 : If det A = 0 (i.e., A is singular), then A-1 =?? A square (nxn) matrix A is said to be positive definite, if for all nonzero vector x of dimension n, Note that positive definite matrices are nonsingular. Differentiation and Integration of a Matrix Let then the differentiation is integration is Can you show? Rank of matrix(矩阵的秩) 定义：矩阵Amxn所有不为零的余子式的最高阶数，称为矩阵A的秩，记为Rank(A) Rank(A)=Rank(AT). Remark： 如果方阵行列式不为零，则称A满秩. 矩阵初等变换不影响秩. 2.2 Review of Linear Elastostatics A linear-elastic body of volume V in static equilibrium. The body surface S : St ∪ Su is split into St , on which surface tractions are prescribed, and Su , on which surface displacements are prescribed. The body is referred to a three di