醚化毕业设计.doc

摘 要 随着环境保护要求的日益严格与技术发展的需求，我国于2003年7月开始在全国实行清洁汽油标准，要求车用汽油中烯烃的体积分数不大于35%。总的看来，清洁汽油发展的趋势是低硫、低芳烃、低烯烃、低蒸压和较高的辛烷值。在我国，催化裂化（FCC）汽油占成品汽油的80%以上，其特点是烯烃含量高。因此生产清洁汽油必须降低烯烃含量，而合理利用FCC汽油中的轻烯烃既可以降低烯烃含量又可提高汽油辛烷值。FCC轻汽油醚化生产混合醚工艺可将FCC轻汽油中的活性烯烃转化为叔烷基醚，不但降低了汽油中的烯烃含量，还可提高汽油的辛烷值和氧含量，并可降低汽油的蒸压。 本设计是根据原料油的年处理量和醚化的工艺流程先后对选择性加氢反应器、分馏塔和两个醚化反应器进行设计，对反应器的塔径、塔高和催化剂装填量进行了计算，对分馏塔的塔板数、塔径和塔高进行了详细的计算，并且对分馏塔工艺设计进行了详尽的核算，包括装置溢流、塔板流动性能等的核算，都满足工艺要求。醚化后的对环境友好的轻汽油，较原来的FCC轻汽油辛烷值和含氧量提高了，烯烃含量和蒸压降低了。因此FCC轻汽油醚化技术是生产清洁汽油的理想技术之一。由于我国汽油辛烷值较低，烯烃含量高，在我国加快推广和应用FCC轻汽油醚化技术尤为重要。 关键词:FCC轻汽油，降烯烃技术，醚化，选择性加氢  Abstract With the increasing of the strict requirements of the environmental protection and the needs of the development of the technology,our country began a clean gasoline standard all over the country in July 2003,demanded that the volume fraction of olefins in the vehicle gasoline is no more than 35%.Overall,the trend of the development of the clean gasoline is low sulfur,low aromatics,low olefin,low vapor pressure and high octane.In our country,the FCC gasoline accounted for above 80% of the finished product gasoline,its characteristic is the high olefin.So if you want to product the clean gasoline,you must reduce the alkene,and reasonably utilizing the light olefins of the FCC gasoline can reducing alkene and enhancing the gasoline octane.The process of the etherification of the FCC light gasoline producting mixed ether can turn the active olefins of the FCC light gasoline to tertiary alkyl ether,it not only lower the alkene in the gasoline,but also improve the octane value of the gasoline and oxygen content,and reduce the vapor pressure of gasoline. This design is based on the productivity of the raw material oil ever year and the etherification process.I design the selective hydrogenation reactor,fractionator and two etherification reactor successively,calculate the diameter of the tower,the height of the the tower and the quantity of the catalyst.Then I calculate the plate number of the tower, the diameter o