液压与气压传动课件（英文版）.pptVIP

Homework: Assuming that a 60 degree curved pipe is located in horizontal plane, (fluxing out to atmosphere), the inlet and outlet diameter are 80 and 40mm respectively, outlet velocity is 8m/s, the local loss coefficient ξ=0.1. Calculating the x and y component of the force acting on the pipe 4 Energy losses of fluids in motion 5 flow of fluids in orifices and clearances Thin wall orifice: Long orifice: Thick wall orifice: 5.1 flow in orifices a. Classification of orifices b. Flow characteristic in thin wall orifices Coefficient of contraction Selecting cross section 1-1and 2-2. Additionally selecting O-O as potential energy base line. According to Bernoulli equation let Inserting these values in Bernoulli equation, we obtain According to flow rate expression in a tube d. Universal expression in a orifice c. Flow characteristic in long orifices Thin wall orifice Long orifice 5 flow of fluids in orifices and clearances Geometric characteristic: Flow characteristic: laminar 5.3.1 Gap between parallel plates a. flow by the action of pressure difference 5.2 flow inside a gap or clearance Simplifying the foregoing expression and inserting 5 flow of fluids in orifices and clearances The relationship between p and x is linear, therefore u has noting to do with p and x; while p is independent of u and y. Consequently The flow rate passing through is Integrating and determining the constants of integration from the fact that u=0 when y=0 and u=0 when y=h, we obtain From the expression we conclude that because the leakage flow rate through a clearance is proportional to the cube of the clearance height the clearances among components require high dimensional accuracy degree and hence the initial cost of hydraulic elements is very high. 5 flow of fluids in orifices and clearances The flow rate is The total flow rate is Integrating and determining the constants of integration from the fact that u=0 when y=0 and u=0 when y=h, we obtain a