计算机学校--英文讲座.pptVIP

Network layer Chapter 4-1 Network layer Switching Via An Interconnection Network overcome bus bandwidth limitations Banyan networks, other interconnection nets initially developed to connect processors in multiprocessor advanced design: fragmenting datagram into fixed length cells, switch cells through the fabric. Cisco 12000: switches 60 Gbps through the interconnection network Output Ports Buffering required when datagrams arrive from fabric faster than the transmission rate Scheduling discipline chooses among queued datagrams for transmission Output port queueing buffering when arrival rate via switch exceeds output line speed queueing (delay) and loss due to output port buffer overflow! How much buffering? RFC 3439 rule of thumb: average buffering equal to “typical” RTT (say 250 msec) times link capacity C e.g., C = 10 Gps link: 2.5 Gbit buffer Recent recommendation: with N flows, buffering equal to RTT C . N Input Port Queuing Fabric slower than input ports combined - queueing may occur at input queues Head-of-the-Line (HOL) blocking: queued datagram at front of queue prevents others in queue from moving forward queueing delay and loss due to input buffer overflow! Network Layer 4-* The Internet Network layer forwarding table Host, router network layer functions: Routing protocols path selection RIP, OSPF, BGP IP protocol addressing conventions datagram format packet handling conventions ICMP protocol error reporting router “signaling” Transport layer: TCP, UDP Link layer physical layer Network layer * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Introduct by Weifeng Sun * Lecture on Computer Network For 08 Spring 2010 Weifeng Sun Wfsun.dlut@ School of Software Dalian University of Technology Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter goals: understand principles behind network layer services: network layer service models forwarding versus routing how a router works routing (path selection) dealing with scale advanced topics: IPv6, mobility instantiation, implementati