软工国外原课件12AssociationsWrapup.pptxVIP

Associations: Mechanics(ESaaS §5.3)? 2013 Armando Fox David Patterson, all rights reservedHow Does It Work?Models must have attribute for foreign key of owning objecte.g., movie_id in reviews tableActiveRecord manages this field in both database in-memory AR objectDon’t manage it yourself!Harder to readMay break if database schema doesn’t follow Rails conventionsRails Cookery #4 To add a one-to-many association:Add has_many to owning model and belongs_to to owned modelCreate migration to add foreign key to owned side that references owning sideApply migrationrake db:test:prepare to regenerate test database schemaENDSuppose we have setup the foreign key movie_id in reviews table. If we then add has_many :reviews to Movie, but forget to put belongs_to :movie in Review, what happens?We can say movie.reviews, but review.movie won’t work?We will get a database error when trying to save a Review ?We will have no way of determining which movie a given review is associated with?All of the above?ENDThrough-Associations(ESaaS §5.4)? 2013 Armando Fox David Patterson, all rights reservedMany-to-Many AssociationsScenario: Moviegoers rate Moviesa moviegoer can have many reviewsbut a movie can also have many reviewsWhy can’t we use has_many belongs_to?Solution: create a new AR model to model the multiple associationMany-to-Manymoviegoeridreviewsmoviegoer_idmovie_idnumbermoviesid...moviegoer: has_many :reviewsmovie: has_many :reviewsreview: belongs_to :moviegoer belongs_to :movieHow to get all movies reviewed by some moviegoer? has_many :throughmoviegoersidreviewsmoviegoer_idmovie_id...moviesid...moviegoer: has_many :reviewshas_many :movies, :through = :reviewsmovie: has_many :reviews has_many :moviegoers, :through = :reviewsreviews: belongs_to :moviegoer belongs_to :movieThroughNow you can do:@user.movies # movies rated by user@movie.users # users who rated this movie My potato scores for R-rated movies@user.reviews.select { |r| r.movie.rating == R }has_many :throughmoviegoe