某火电厂热电联产的经济性分析.doc

二 〇 一二 年 六 月 摘 要 能源的合理利用及提高其利用效率不仅关系到资源节约和经济发展，而且影响到生态破坏和人类前途，因此世界各国均把建立可靠、安全、稳定、高效的能源供应保障系统体系均为国民经济可持续发展的战略。 热电联产是实现能量梯级利用、提高一次能源利用率的重要技术规划和措施之一。近年来，我国供热式机组占装机总量的比重逐年升高，采用大型凝汽式再热机组改造为供热机组的例子越来越多。与小型热电联产机组相比，大型热电联产机组更能发挥节能、环保的作用，因为蒸汽初参数的提高可以提高热化发电率，增加的热化发电量与电网中的凝汽发电量相比避免了冷源损失。同时，因为大型电站的锅炉运行效率高，供热的节能效果更明显，进一步地提高了供热机组的经济效益。 大型亚临界、超临界再热凝汽式机组的供热改造目前尚缺少系统的热经济性分析，此外，供热改造涉及锅炉高温受热面超温和汽轮机轴向推力变化等安全性方面的研究，在公开发表的文献中也少有记载。 本文重点对600MW纯凝汽式汽轮发电机组进行供热改造的可行性和必要性以及改造后对节能减排的影响进行了分析，从改造后的机组热经济性方面出发，分别采用热平衡法、做功能力法和等效焓降法三种方法来对亚临界进行热力计算、分析，并对结果进行比较。计算结果表明热电联产可以使机组经济性得到提高，这是因为联产供热的这部分蒸汽先在汽轮机做了功，然后抽出供热，所以在机组循环中无冷源损失，机组经济性得到改善。 本文的研究可以为大型凝汽式再热机组的供热改造的实践提供热经济性方面的依据或参考。 关键字 热电联产 节能环保 热力计算 经济性分析 Abstract Rational use of energy and improve the utilization efficiency of not only related to resource conservation and economic development, and affect the ecological destruction and the future of mankind, countries around the world to establish a reliable, secure, stable, efficient energy supply security system are the national economy sustainable development strategy. Cogeneration is the energy cascade utilization, and improve the energy efficiency plans and measures. In recent years, of heating type unit accounted for the proportion of the total installed capacity is increased, year by year more and more examples of the heating unit for large condensing steam reheat unit retrofit. Condensing in small cogeneration units, large-scale cogeneration units can give full play to the role of energy-saving, environmental protection, because the parameters improved early steam heating power rate increase thermal generating capacity to the grid generating capacity, to avoid the loss of the cold source. Meanwhile, because of the large power plant boiler operating efficiency, the heating energy saving effect is more pronounced, further increase the economic efficiency of the heating unit. Large subcritical and supercritical heat and then the heat of condensing unit heating tra