10万吨PVC—氯化氢的盐酸脱吸法工艺合成设计.doc

摘 要 氯化氢（Hydrogen chloride ）主要用于生产各种浓度的盐酸和电石法生产PVC。目前国内外主要有三种合成工艺，合成法工艺、盐酸脱吸法工艺、副产盐酸脱吸法工艺。本设计选用盐酸脱吸法工艺。 本工艺的流程概述：所谓盐酸脱吸法就是氯化氢气体先用稀盐酸吸收得到浓盐酸，浓盐酸在再沸解吸得到纯度较高的氯化氢气体，因在吸收时除氯化氢以外的其他气体基本不被吸收。原料氯气和氢气分别经缓冲罐和阻火器进入合成炉底部燃烧器，合成的氯化氢气体从合成炉顶部出来。出来的气体经冷却管冷却后从顶部进入降膜吸收器，与来自稀酸储罐的20%～22%的稀盐酸溶液并流接触吸收，得到的约31%～36%的浓盐酸溶液从吸收器底部出来进入浓酸储罐，少量未吸收的氯化氢气体和其他杂质气体进入尾气塔再次吸收。浓盐酸用泵打入解吸塔内，再沸解吸后的氯化氢气体经水冷和盐水冷却器除水干燥后进入氯乙烯合成车间，解吸后的稀酸恒沸物经冷却后进入稀酸储罐，以供再吸收用。 本工艺主要优点是，稀盐酸可以循环利用，这样就可以减少污染和原料的用量，该工艺合成的氯化氢气体纯度高，纯度波动性小，有利于生产高纯度盐酸和减小合成PVC时的用量。 Abstract Mainly used for the hydrogen chloride is production of various of concentration hydrochloric acid and calcium carbide production of PVC. Currently there are three major Synthesis Process at home and abroad:Synthesis Process, hydrochloric acid desorption Process, the by-product hydrochloric acid desorption Process. The design select hydrochloric acid desorption Process: The process outlined in the flow: The so-called hydrochloric acid desorption of hydrogen chloride gas is the method first used diluted hydrochloric acid to be absorbed HCl , HCl again in the reboiler desorption of high purity hydrogen chloride gas , In addition to absorbing hydrogen chloride gas other than the fundamental absorption is not . Raw materials chlorine and hydrogen respectively enter into buffer tank fire retardant first and then enter into the furnace bottom burner, Synthesis of hydrogen chloride gas discharge from the top of furnace. The hydrogen chloride gas pass by cooling tube and then entering from the top of the absorber. Hydrogen chloride gas and the concentration of 20% ~ 22% acids solution which from the tank of hydrochloric acid is absorption in flowing contacts, the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is about 31%~36%, which discharge from the bottom of absorber then enter into concentrated acid tank ,Few amount of hydrogen chloride gas which not be absorbed and other impurities gas enter into the exhaust gas absorption tower again. Concentrated hydrochloric acid with pump