中级翻译修辞与翻译.doc

1. 明 喻 SIMILE 1．定义 英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻： “A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes．Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective ‘similis,’ meaning like.” Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。 关于英语Simile，有两点须加以说明： 一、Simile(明喻)通常由三部分构成，即本体(tenor或subject)、 喻体(vehicle或reference)和比喻词(comparative word或indicator of resemblance)。可图示如下： Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, ↓ ↓ ↓ (tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle) and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard) 二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。例如： ① Peter is as tall as his father. ② Peter is as tall as a Maypole. 稍加分析可以看出，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。 2. 引导明喻的比喻词(comparative words) ( 1 ) 介词as，like，of等。 As Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last…( Bacon: Of Studies ) 美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存… Overhead the hollow stretch of whitish cloud shutting out the sky was as a tent which had the who1e earth as its floor。 ( Thomas Hardy ) 头顶上方，夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，宛如高悬的帐篷一般，把整个荒原做了它的地面。 Out of the sleeves came strong bony wrists and hands gnarled knotted and hard as peach branches. ( John Steinbeck ) 从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮。 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all was dark and silent as the grave. ( B．Shaw) 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。 Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; but love from love, towards sc