2. Coherence-5 大学英语写作教学课件.ppt

2. Coherence 1. Paragraph Structure To achieve coherence, all sentences in a paragraph should be arranges in a logical order. That is, a sentence of general statement comes first, secondly followed by less general, then the still less general would be the third. In a word, sentence logical arrangement in a paragraph can be made according to the level of generality. Foe example, if you want to write a paragraph about A surprise party for Marjorie Martin, the level of generality is probably written like this: 1)surprise party for Marjorie Martin 2)guest list (major supporting) 3)school friends (minor) 3)church friends 3)brothers and sisters 2)menu 3)drinks and food 4)fruit punch and coffee 4)sandwiches 4)birthday cake, candle, ice cream Continued 2)entertainment 3)magic tricks 3)guitar 3)group singing 3)records and record player Lets read the actual paragraph: We recently planned a surprise party for Marjorie Martin who was twenty years old but never had a birthday party before. First, we carefully made a guest list. We includes many of her friends from school, a few of her friends from church, and all of her brothers and sisters. Second, we planned a suitable drinks and food. We needed some refreshing drinks and food. We were going to serve fruit punch and coffee. Continued We also wanted chicken sandwiches, a birthday cake with twenty candles, and ice cream. Third, we planned entertainment. A boy did magic tricks skillfully. Another boy played guitar well. We all liked group singing. We had a lot of records and a record player Helped by everyone, the party became a secret community project. Transitions: words or other devices that join one idea to another to give coherence to a paragraph (within a paragraph or between paragraphs). For example: Example (without transitions) A. In the last twenty years or so, some undeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their population have at the same time grown faster. The standard of living has not been