Chapter 2 Properties of Hydraulic Fluids 液压传动与控制英文课件.pptVIP

* * Chapter 2 Properties of Hydraulic Fluids 2.1 Introduction Four primary functions of Hydraulic Fluid: a. To transmit power; b. To lubricate moving parts c. To seal clearances between mating parts d. To dissipate heat ( 2 ) Properties of Hydraulic Fluid ——from a safety and cost point of view Good lubricity , Ideal viscosity , Chemical and environmental stability, Compatibility with system materials, Large bulk modulus , Fire resistance, Good heat transfer capability, Low density, Foam resistance , Nontoxic , Low volatility Inexpensive , Readily available 2.2 FLUIDS: LIQUIDS AND GASES (1 ) Liquids: Incompressible ( its volume does not change with pressure changes.) (2 ) Gases: air Readily compressible ( its volume changes with pressure changes.) 2.3 WEIGHT, DENSITY, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY ( 1 ) Weight: F = W = mg ( 2 ) Weight density γ : γ = W / V = mg / V For water : γw = 9800 N/m3 ( 3 ) Specific gravity Sg: Sg = γoil / γwater Dimensionless parameter ( 4 ) Density ρ : ρ = m / V = γ/ g For water : ρw = 1000 kg/m3 2.4 PRESSURE, HEAD, CONVERSION RULE ( 1 ) Pressure: P will have units of N/m2 or Pa if F and A have units of N and m2,respectively. P = F / A where P=pressure, F=force, A=area. ( 2 ) Pressure Head: The pressure at the base: P = W / A = ρ· V · g / A = ρ· A · h · g / A = γ · h ∴ The height of water or oil: h = P / γ The height of water or oil is commonly called pressure head. ( 3 ) Pressure conversion rule: Gage pressure and absolute pressure: Gage pressure is measured relative to the atmosphere; b. The rule used in pressure conversion calculations: absolute pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum; absolute pressure = gage pressure + atmospheric pressure Absolute pressure Absolute pressure Gage pressure Gage pressure P P e P e P P e Vacuum Absolute zero pressure (compl