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Lecture08 Daoism Sept 22 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT
The book Quotations from the Laozi in other classical works are often cited as evidence. the available external evidence can only confirm that parts of the current Laozi were available around 300 B.C.E. Some parts are widely recognized by the middle of the third century, when it was quoted extensively in such works as the Hanfeizi and the “outer” and “miscellaneous” chapters of the Zhuangzi. The Book The language of the Daodejing provides important clues as well. Much remains uncertain. But it may suffice to say that Daodejing is not written by one person or in one time period only. It is a collection of different words from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States Period. Zhuangzi (The person and the Book) Comparatively, there are fewer questions about Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu). At least we are quite sure that there was such a person in Chinese history! Zhuangzi probably authored only parts of the first 7 chapters of the present text, the so-called Inner Chapters. The others were written either by followers They often expand on themes in the inner chapters. (Outer Chapters and miscellaneous Chapters) Laozi and Zhuangzi The relation between the two founding figures of Daoism is a growing puzzle. Tradition treats Zhuangzi as following Laozi. We know of Zhuangzi’s life only from the text, which hardly confirms that traditional story. On the contrary, along with recent discoveries, the text makes it as plausible that Zhuangzi was the original Daoist. Confucianism and Daoism From the history of Laozi and Zhuangzi, we can see that it is very different from the history of Confucianism Confucianism has quite a clear “family Tree”. We are sure that Confucius is the founder (And there is such a person!), and there is a school of Confucianism from one generation to the next Confucianism and Daoism On the other hand, we can’t even be sure there is really such a person as Laozi, and we are not sure who is the founder of Daoism. Laozi as the founder of philosophic
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