PEF-Reaction Engineering 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.ppt

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Chemical Reaction Engineering Chemical Identity A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species atoms. decomposition combination isomerization?? Reaction Rate The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Consider species A: A →B rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume -rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume Rate Laws Rate Laws Rate Constant Activation Energy Activation Energy Activation Energy Conversion Notes: For irreversible reactions the maximum value of X is that for complete conversion, i.e. X=1.0 For reversible reactions, the maximum value of X is the equilibrium conversion, i.e. X=Xe Multiple Reactions Selectivity and Yield General Mole Balance Equation IN - OUT + GENERATION = ACCUMULATION Mole Balance on Different Reactor Types The GMBE applied to the four major reactor types (and the general reaction, A → B) Batch Reactors Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) Plug Flow Reactors Packed Bed Reactors Industrial Reactor Photos Industrial Reactor Photos Industrial Reactor Photos Membrane Reactors Semibatch Reactors Algorithm for Isothermal Reactor Design Reactor Sizing Numerical Evaluation of Integrals Simpsons rule Simpsons rule takes the form of h is the incremental distance along the x axis and n is an even integer, f0 f1 f2…fn-2, fn-1, fn are the values of f(x) at x = a, a+h, a+2h … a+nh (=b). Reactors in Series Consider a PFR between two CSTRs Consider a CSTR between two PFRs Packed Bed Reactor  Industrial React