S2 WST C1 当代社会学理论 课件.pptVIP

Four lectures 25 April – Antonio Gramsci 2 May – Post-war Marxism in France from Sartre to Althusser 9 May – World-systems theory and its critics 16 May – Mapping Western Marxism in the twentieth century Antonio Gramsci安东尼奥·葛兰西 Outline I. Gramsci’s eventful life From a poor background to a revolutionary leader A victim of fascist persecution II. Culture and ideology “every human being is a philosopher” The importance of common sense The role of intellectuals III. A theory of politics Civil society / political society / the State The historic bloc Hegemony (Gramsci’s central concept) IV. Revolution War of position / war of man?uvre The political party The strength of human praxis I. Gramsci’s eventful life Gramsci’s youth: from Sardinia to Turin Born in Ghilarza, a small town of Sardinia 撒丁岛 Childhood in poverty Very weak health Through arduous work at school, Gramsci can transfer to a liceo (high school) in the provincial capital and then go to university in Turin Gramsci’s youth: from Sardinia to Turin Born in Ghilarza, a small town of Sardinia 撒丁岛 Childhood in poverty Very weak health Through arduous work at school, Gramsci can transfer to a liceo (high school) in the provincial capital and then go to university in Turin Arrival in Turin: a personal and political turning point Quits his studies in linguistics and philology, joins the Italian Socialist Party Becomes a prolific journalist Moves increasingly to the left during World War I (1914-18) and at the moment of the Russian Revolution of 1917 Gramsci, as a young journalist, is politically passionate: “indifference is a powerful force in history. It operates passively but effectively […] I am alive, I take sides. Hence I hate whoever does not, I hate indifference” Open-minded, against all intellectual dogma: “Are we Marxist? Who is Marxist? Only stupidity is immortal.” “The revolution against Das Kapital” (1917)《反对〈资本论〉的革命》 Gramsci perceives the October Revolution in Russia as showing the streng