unit2 Data Manipulation 计算机系统概论（双语课件）专业英语课件.pptVIP

We will learn a computer manipulates data and communicates with peripheral devices such as printer and keyboards. Computer Architecture The circuitry in a computer that controls the manipulation of data is called the central processing unit, or CPU. CPUs found in today’s PC (such as Pentium and Celeron processor made by Intel or Atholon and Sempron processors made by AMD) are packed as small flat square whose connecting pins plug into a socket mounted on the machine’s circuit board (called the motherboard). CPU Basics A CPU consists of three parts 1. Arithmetic/logic unit 2. Control unit 3. Register unit Control unit Arithmetic / Logic unit Which contains the circuitry that performs operations on data such as addition and subtraction. A+B A-B Control Unit Which contains the data circuitry for coordinating the machine’s activities Register unit Which contains data storage cells (similar to main memory ) ,called registers ,that used for temporary storage of information within the CPU. Stored Program Concept The Idea of storing a computer’s program in its main memory is called the Stored program concept and has become the standard approach used today. Machine Language The collection of instructions along with the encoding system is called the machine language. an instruction expressed in this languages is called a machine level instruction or more commonly ,a machine instruction. Machine Language The instruction Repertoire One is that a CPU should be designed to excute a minimal set of machine instructions.this approach leads to what is called a Reduces Instruction Set Computer (RISC). its fast executed the programs. But for large number of complex instruction, even though many of them are technically redundant. the result of this approach is known as a Complex Instruction Set computer (CISC). Instruction=Op code + Operand. add 1,0 3 5 A 7 Program Execution Computer follows a program stored in its memory