WTO规则中英文教程第十五章 WTO技术性贸易协议.pptVIP

第十三章 WTO技术性贸易协议WTO Rules about the Application of Technical Barriers to Trade 　　技术性贸易壁垒(technical barriers to trade)作为一种非关税壁垒是WTO成员实施贸易保护的重要手段。WTO《技术性贸易壁垒协定》(Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT)[1]为此制定了技术性贸易壁垒的适用规则，以使技术贸易措施及其实施方式不构成任意或不公正歧视(arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination)的手段或对国际贸易的变相限制(disguised restriction)。 [1] This Agreement consists of 15 articles and 3 annexes. 一、技术性贸易壁垒的定义 The technical barriers to trade are referred to as technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures affecting international trade. 技术性贸易壁垒是指影响国际贸易的技术法规、标准及合格评定程序。 1、? 技术法规(Technical Regulations) Document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method. 那些规定强制执行的产品特性或其相关工艺和生产方法、包括适用的管理规定在内的文件。该文件还可包括或专门涉及适用于产品、工艺或生产方法的专门术语、符号、包装、标志或标签要求。 2、? 标准(standards) Document approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method. 经公认机构批准的、规定非强制执行的、供通用或重复使用的产品或相关工艺和生产方法的规则、指南或特性的文件。该文件还可包括或专门涉及适用于产品、工艺或生产方法的专门术语、符号、包装、标志或标签要求。 3、? 合格评定程序(Conformity Assessment Procedures) Any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. Conformity assessment procedures include, inter alia, procedures for sampling, testing and inspection; evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity; registration, accreditation and approval as well as the combinations thereof. 任何直接或