2011高考总复习英语实用精品学案：高考语法专题：动词的时态和语态.docVIP

高考语法专题：动词的时态和语态 1.一般现在时(do, does, am, is, are) (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态、特征和普遍真 理，一般不表示一个具体的动作。常用often, usually, always, sometimes, every day等。 Light travels faster than sound. (2)表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况(这种用法只限于 begin, come, go, leave, arrive, stop, start, open等少数动词)： The train leaves at 10 a.m.. (3)表示现在进行时： There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. (4)在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来： You will catch the train if you hurry up. 2.一般过去时(did, was, were) (1)表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性动作，只表过 去，与现在无关。 Who broke the window? (2)表示客气,与过去时无关： Would/Could you please give me a hand? 3.一般将来时 表示说话时看来将要发生的动作或情况，有多种表达方式： (1)shall(will)do: We will meet you at the airport. (2)be going to do,打算、准备干；即将发生： Come out! The roof is going to fall.(此处不用will fall) (3)be to do,按计划、安排发生： They are to hand in their plan next week. (4)be about to do,就要干某事,不与时间状语连用： We are about to leave. (5)be doing，用现在进行时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的 情 况： We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 4.现在进行时(am/is/are doing)表示说话时正在进行的动作，与 now 连用： They are listening to music now. 5.过去进行时(was/were doing)表示过去某时正在进行的动作，动 作没有完成： At that time he was working in a laboratory. 注意：与一般过去时的区别： He was reading a novel last night.(正在读，没读完) He read a novel last night.(读完了) 6.现在完成时(have/has done) (1)动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，与already, just, ever, yet, before, recently等连用，谓语用瞬间动词： Who has opened the door? (含义：The door was opened. It is still open. It’s cold.) (2)动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，与for, since或so far, these days, in the past five years连用，谓语用延续性动词： I have been in Beijing for half a month.(不能用have come, 但 可说：He has already come.) (3)过去动作到现在为的总和。 How many English words have you learned? (4)have been to a place/have gone to a place He has been to Beijing twice.(主要强调He has come back.) He has gone to Beijing.(主要强调He isn’t here.) 7.过去完成时(had done)是