马钢公司～尘肺发病特征分析.doc

马钢公司1958～2010年尘肺发病特征分析 任卫国1 ， 软仁斌2 （马鞍山市卫生局卫生监督局243000） 摘要：[目的］了解马钢公司建厂以来尘肺发病情况，分析其发生发展规律，为指导今后尘肺病防治提供依据。[方法］回顾马钢公司52年（1958～2010年）来确诊的尘肺病患者的发病情况，将诊断时间、接尘工龄、病程、死亡时间等建立数据库并进行统计分析。[结果］马钢尘肺病年均检出率为0.70%，井下各工种占76.54%，平均接尘工龄16.95年，矿山凿岩工接尘工龄最短为13.59年，平均发病年龄为49.97岁，平均发病年龄有随诊断年份的推移逐渐增大的趋势；总的结核合并率为27.30%，各期结核合并率随着诊断期别的增加逐渐增大。[结论］切实贯彻防尘“八字”方针，降低作业场所粉尘浓度，加强作业环境监测和接尘人员的健康监护，是减少尘肺病发病的关键 Abstract: Objective To find out the incidence of pneumoconiosis and analyze the trend of occurrence in Maanshan iron and steel company since the company’s establishment, so as to guide the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Method A retrospective investigation was conducted to identify the incidence of pneumoconiosis from 1958 to 2010 of Maanshan iron and steel company. Time of diagnosis, service length of dust exposure, course of disease and time of death were brought into database and analyzed. Result Average positive rate of pneumoconiosis detection of Mananshan iron and steel company was 0.70%. Accounted proportion for underground job was 76.54%. Average service length of dust exposure was 16.95 years. The shortest service length of dust exposure for mine drilling workers was 13.59 years. Average age of onset was 49.97 years old. Average age of onset behaves shows an increasing trend over time. Total rate of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis was 27.30%. Rate of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis was positively correlated with the severity of pneumoconiosis. Conclusion In order to reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis, policy of dust proof should be effectively implemented to reduce the dust concentration in workplace, also environment monitoring of workplace and health care for workers exposed to dust should be strengthened. 关键词：马钢 尘肺 发病特征 分析 尘肺病是由于在生产活动中长期吸入生产性粉尘引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的全身性疾病。目前尘肺病仍是我国最严重的职业病，发病工龄缩短，群发性尘肺病时有发生[1]。马钢公司是一家集采矿、选矿、烧结、冶炼和轧钢为一体的大型企业，在生产的各个环节中普遍存在粉尘作业，尘肺病成为企业的主要职业病，给接尘作业人员的身心造成极大的损害，为了摸清尘肺病发病情况，分析尘肺病的发病规律和特点，为制定尘肺病的防治规划及策略提供科学依据，我们对马钢公司所属各厂矿近52年的尘