流体力学与工程 Chapter3 Basics of fluid flow.ppt

3.8.2 Modified Coefficient of Kinetic Energy and Modified Coefficient of Momentum (1) Modified coefficient of kinetic energy— Considering the influences of velocity distribution on the section, ∵ In which, va ------average velocity ∴ (2) Modified coefficient of momentum—β Similarly, (3) Coefficients of pipe flow Laminar flow Turbulent flow α 2 1.05~1.12 β 4/3 1.01~1.05 Coefficients Datum types Flow 3.8.3 Bernoulli’s Equation for Total Flow Regarding a segment of pipe as a control volume, for viscous, incompressible and steady flow, in which， hw——head loss. Specially, for a viscous fluid in pipe, hs——gotten energy per unit weight quantity of flow, Ps——effective shaft power, caused by pump, blower and turbomachine, etc. 3.9 Momentum Equation According to the law of momentum conservation ( Newton’s second law) For a steady flow 1) Specially, for a steady flow with inlets and outlets in which, 2) For one dimensional steady flow Explaining The equations above can be applied to only the inertial system or the coordinate system moving at uniform linear velocity because of being derived from Newton’s second law. Example 10 In the following Fig.，the inflow and outflow radii are 25 and 15cm, respectively; the inflow and outflow angles with respect to the horizontal line (θ1andθ2) are 450 and 300, respectively; q is 50 L/s; the area average inlet and outlet pressure are 8.5 and 5.83kPa; and the total fluid weight in the pipe is 2.0N. Find the horizontal and vertical force required to hold the pipe in place. Solution The momentum exchange and force vectors are drawn in the following figure. The magnitudes of Fp1 and Fp2 are calculated as The magnitudes of v and qm are calculated as follows According to the momentum equation, the components of F are calculated as . Substitution of parameters and solving for Fx and Fy gives The negative signs indicate that the assumed directions for Fx and Fy are incorrect. 3.2 Moment-of-Mome