GPS技术在高速公路放样中的应用.doc

摘 要 本文主要对GPS RTK 技术在道路中线放样中的应用本文详细描述了GPS RTK 技术在道路中线放样中的应用过程。从多方面将全站仪放样与 GPS放样作了比较 GPS RTK 技术在道路中线放样中的应用GPS RTK 技术在道路中线放样中的应用通过应用RTK-GPS在高速公路工程放样的实践，认识和体会GPS RTK 技术在道路中线放样中的应用定位精度高作业效率高节省费用Abstract This paper focuses on GPS RTK technology in the road alignment lofting a reasonable application of research. First, this study describes in detail the basic principles of GPS RTK, RTK system, the basic components. Then based on their experience and references described GPS RTK technology in the road alignment lofting process. Also by reading data from many different aspects of the Total Station lofting lofting compared with the GPS. Through their own practical experience suggests that the GPS RTK technology in the road alignment lofting advantage. References from major GPS RTK technology for the lofting of the road centerline accuracy and efficiency measures as well and eliminate sources of error are described. Finally, through the application of RTK-GPS in highway engineering practice of setting out, talking about some knowledge and experience. GPS RTK technology in the road alignment lofting high positioning accuracy, high efficiency, cost savings, not topography. 关键词： GPS RTK 技术 高速公路 中桩放样  目 录 前言·································································································2 第一章 绪论································································································3 第一节 GPS RTK 技术的基本原理 第二节 RTK 系统的基本组成GPS RTK 放样中桩的精度和速度误差来源及削弱的措施GPS RTK 与全站仪中桩放样的比较 前 言 工程放样是测量的一个应用分支，它要求通过一定方法采用一定仪器把人为设计好的点位在实地给标定出来，过去采用常规的放样方法很多，如经纬仪交会放样，全站仪的边角放样等等，一般要放样出一个设计点位时，往往需要来回移动目标，而且要2-3人操作，同时在放样过程中还要求点间通视情况良好，在生产应用上效率不是很高，有时放样过程中遇到困难的情况需借助于很多方法才能完成作业。近几年来，随着RTK（Real Time Kinematic）即实时动态GPS测量技术的出现及其在测量领域的应用发展，给测量作业带来了很多便利。它具有观测时间短、精度高、无须通视和现场给出精确坐标等优点。使用RTK-GPS进行平面定位较之使用常规方法放样简单、方便、可靠和快捷，它的优越性使我们能在公路工程放样项目中在保证质量的同时极大地提高工作效率并降低成本。以下结合本人采用徕卡双频RTK-GPS在高速公路工程放样实践中的应用谈谈用RTK技术进行测量放样的一些情况和认识。GPS RTK 技术的基本原理高精度的GP测量必须采用载波相位观测值。RTK 技术就是载波相位动态实时差分（Rea